There are two major problems in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): 64% of HCC is in the intermediate and advanced stages when first diagnosed, and the recurrence rate is as high as 70% after 5 years of resection. The "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer" proposes a comprehensive treatment strategy for HCC based on surgical treatment. This paper will elaborate the main contents including HCC resection, adjuvant, neoadjuvant and conversion therapy for HCC of the strategy.