Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a group of diseases caused by infections of the female upper genital tract. Itpredominantly affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, diverse symptoms,and a high rate of misdiagnosis due to overlapping clinical features with other conditions. Treatment is mainly based on broad-spectrumantibiotics. Surgical intervention is required when necessary. However, the problem of drug resistance increases the difficulty of treatment. The long-term sequelae of PID, such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility, significantly impair patients' quality of life. In the future, more precise diagnostic tools and individualized treatment strategies are needed to reduce recurrence risks and improve patientoutcomes.