Objective To summarize the causal relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on published Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods A computer-based search in databases was conducted on CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The search dates were from database establishment to February 1, 2025. Studies that employed MR methods to explore the potential causal relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and CRC risk were included. The quality of the studies was evaluated based on the three core assumptions of MR. The results of the comprehensive analysis were presented using both charts and text. Results A total of 10 studies were included. There were 68 research items that investigated the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and CRC risk. Among these, 50 studies met the three core assumptions of MR. CX3C motif chemokine ligand 1, interleukin (IL) -2 receptor subunit β, IL-6 receptor subunit α, IL-17F, IL-31, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor were negatively associated with CRC risk. IL- 10 and IL-12p70 were positively associated with CRC risk. The results of C-reactive protein, IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-13 varied across different studies. Conclusions There is a potential causal relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and CRC risk.