Colorectal cancer, the third most common malignant tumor in the world, has a continuously increasing incidence and mortality rate in our country. That poses a major public health challenge. In recent years, breakthrough progress has been made in early precision diagnosis and treatment research. That provides more options for timely intervention. In the field of endoscopic innovation, techniques such as white light endoscopy ( WLE) and image-enhanced endoscopy ( IEE) enhanced by artificial intelligence (AI), have significantly improved the ability to detect lesions. In the field of novel biomarkers, a detection system utilizing exosome nucleic acid features has a sensitivity of 97. 4% , and a multi-omics integrated model with an AUC of 0. 981. These provide a new option for non-invasive screening. In artificial intelligence applications, machine learning models combining histopathological and endoscopic features have been developed to help predict lymph node metastasis. These multidimensional advancements not only enhance the matrix of early diagnostic technologies but also drive the treatment decision-making toward increased precision.