Severe pneumonia has a high morbidity and mortality rate, leading to serious medical and social burdens. In-depth research on its pathogenesis and treatment strategies is needed in clinical diagnosis and treatment. At present, with the continuous development of informatization, it is possible to establish a multi-center database and biological sample library. It is also possible integrate the two libraries into one. It is crucial to establish a standardized database and sample library management system for translational research on severe pneumonia. This article reviews how to establish a comprehensive severe pneumonia database and biological sample library. The article also explains how to integrate the two libraries into one as well as standardize their use. Translational research is conducted through analyzing immunological mechanisms based on clinical manifestations and multi-omics. These will provide a certain reference for the precise diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumonia in the future.