Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular surface disorder. Some patients present with prominent ocular pain as the main symptom, which is inconsistent with ocular surface signs and seriously affects the quality of life. Recent studies have shown that abnormal structure and function of corneal sensory nerves play an important role in the pathogenesis of dry eye related pain. The mechanism involves corneal nerve injury, peripheral sensitization, central sensitization and so on, which can interact with ocular surface inflammation. Clinically, it is necessary to classify the source of pain based on the clear diagnosis of dry eye, combined with pain scales, sensory function testing and imaging evaluation. Treatment should follow the principle of stratification and individualization, and combine neurotrophic, systemic analgesic and non-pharmacological interventions on the basis of ocular surface repair and anti-inflammatory treatment. This article reviews the research progress of dry eye related pain, so as to provide reference for clinical identification and standardized treatment.