Myopia has become a major global public health issue. Traditional research often focuses on changes in the refractive system and structure of the eye. In recent years, however, more and more evidence has shown that myopia is closely relatedto a series of visual function impairments. This review systematically summarizes the visual functional abnormalities and their neuralmechanisms of myopia in the fields of stereoscopic vision, accommodation function, contrast sensitivity and fixation stability. Clinicalstudies have found that myopic individuals, especially those with high myopia, generally have deficiencies in these functions. Neuroimaging evidence further reveals that these behavioral defects are related to abnormal functions and connections of brain networks ranging from primary visual cortex to advanced cognition and eye movement control. This suggests that visual impairments related to myopia are not only caused by the optical state of the eye, but also involve adaptive remodeling of the central visual system. Furthermore, this review discusses the application and efficacy of visual training for the myopic population. Current research indicates thatthese interventions can, to some extent, improve the certain visual functions and induce the plasticity within the central nervous system. Finally, this article emphasizes the importance of integrating visual function assessment and intervention into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of myopia and personalized refractive surgery plans. Understanding and intervening in the overall functional abnormalities of the " eye-brain" related to myopia is an important direction for improving the visual quality of myopic populations in thefuture.